story of zero

In this time science specially mathematics, orienting to West country ( Europe and America). What most popular of us hear as Arab Moslem mathematics having contribution to growth of mathematics is Al - Khawarizmi, known as “algebra father”, introducing number zero ( 0) and translator of masterpiece - masterpiece of yunani ancient.

Number story zero
Number concept zero have expanded since epoch of Babilonia and Ancient Greek, which is at that moment interpreted as no from something. Number concept zero and nature of - in character continue to expand from time to time. Till [at] century to - 7, Brahmagupta a India mathematics introduce some nature of numbers zero. Nature of - in character is an number when summed with zero is remain to, that way also a number if/when multiplied with zero will become zero. This matter continue to become the this topic of research at that moment, even until 200tahun later;then. For example year 830, Mahavira ( India) assure result - result of Brahmagupta and even express that " a number divided by zero is remain to". Of course this fatal mistake.
Idea - idea of India mathematics is hereinafter studied by Moslem mathematics and Arab. This Matter happened [at] phase - early stage when mathematics of Al - Accurate Khawarizmi of system is calculation Hindu ( India) depicting system assess place of number entangling number 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9. Al - Khawarizmi is which first time introduce usage of number zero as value space in bases ten. and this system is referred is number system denary.

Referensi:
www.my.opera.com
www.ceritakecil.com
www.wikipedia.com
www.hendy-veranda.blogspot.com

Role of Pythagoras and of Euklidean in the field of Mathematics. Background

Mathematics come from Ianguage of yunani, is in general affirmed as research of structure pattern, room and change. in the eyes of formalis, mathematics is inspection affirming abstraction structure use symbolic logic and mathematics notation, in other view drawn in mathematics philosophy.
Before modern epoch and knowledge spread over global, example of written from development of new mathematics have reached the him of only some places. Ancient mathematics article which have been found
1. Plimpton ( Mathematics of Babilonia the Year numericalness 1900 SM).
2. Sheet Mathematics of Moskow ( numerical Mathematics Egypt [of] year 1850 SM).
3. Sheet Mathematics of Rhind ( numerical Mathematics Egypt [of] Year 650 SM).
4. Sulba Sutra ( numerical Mathematics India [of] year 800 SM).
All pertinent articles give all mind to to theorem of Pythagoras, what seen to be as result development of most biggest and ancient mathematics after elementary aritmetika and geometry.
content:
Pythagoras:
About/Around] 4000 year ago nation of Babilonia have used geometry as bases of[is calculation astronomis, whereas nation of mesir have recognized Tripel Pythagoras and use him to make elbow angle;corner - elbow. first theorem concerning a right triangle in circle proved by Thales
(625-547 SM) and theorem concerning third side of a right triangle proved by Pythagoras
(580-496 SM). And because verification, Theorem which he find to be called Theorem of Pythagoras.
The theorem express that hypotenuse square from a right triangle is equal to squares amount of foot/feet - foot/feet of or side- elbow side- elbow.

INVENTION OF NUMBER of IRRASIONAL
This Statement can be proved by assuming, on the contrary that √2 is rational number so that can be expressed as comparison of circular number of a / b in simplest fraction. But if a / b = √2,
so, a2=2b2. This means a2 is even number, because square of anomalous number not possible to even, so, a is even number, because a / b is simplest fraction, b surely anomalous ( even fraction cause/ ad for still can be made moderate).
But because a is even number ( assume 2r mean a2 = ar2 is fold number 4 and b2 is fold number 2 ( even). This matter [of] berartio also b is even number and this is contradiction to conclusion before all that b surely anomalous. Because assumption early that √2 is rational result happened contradiction. The assumption surely wrong and his him ( that √2 is irrasional) is correct statement.
Other source express √2 is number of rrasional first which introduced by nation of yunani. they say that diagonal length from a right triangle with length two sides which is elbow angular shape - elbow of everyone not possible rational ( irrasional). Of theorem of pythagoras got that hypotenusa length (hipotenusa) of triangle is √2.
Euklides:
Live about/around century to 4 SM he is mathematics of alexandria. in the book of entitling "element", he is conceived of " geometry father". He tells number theory and geometry. menururtnya one top-drawer matter to be noted that in verification of theorem - geometry theorem do not be needed by the existence of example of - follow the example of from real world but enough with logical deduksi use axiom which have been formulated.
conclusion :
1. Mathematics born [at] ancient Egypt epoch.
2. Inventor of Pythagoras is not Pythagoras, but Matematikawan India ( in Sulbasutra Baudhayana and of Katyayana), Greek, Tionghoa and of Babilonia far before Pythagoras born.
3. √2 is number of irrasional because if expressed as circular comparison of a / b in simplest fraction.
Referensi:
www.personal.fmipa.itb.ac.id
www.indonesianrevivalist.com
www.id.wikipedia.org
Buku strategi pengembangan Pembelajaran Matematika karya Budi Murtiyasa.

history of mathematich

Growth of mathematics at some states:

state of mesopotamia:

• mathematicses find number system for the first time
• finding heavy system and measure,
• can calculate precisely value flatten- flatten period of last sky
• in the year 2500 SM have made the tables of multiplication of yangb is often used to [count/calculate] wide [of] land;ground.

state of babilonia:

• During the period people - people of babilonia use system denary and π ( phi) = 3,125.
• people - people of babilonia also play important role in growth of mathematics, proven of them find calculator for the first time him.
• In the field of other as does astronomical area, they use and recognize geometry as bases of is calculation astronomy.
• In the case of square root or number, people of babilonia use approach for the root of number and square of[is non square like 17 / 12 for √ 2.
• Geometry studied by society of babilonia have the character of aljabaris. still relate to algebra, babilonia aritmetika have growed become algebra of retoris expanding better.
• In the case of solving equation - equation of square, good with ekuivalen of substitution in common/ public formula and with supply of square, equation of rank three and square bi ( biquadratic) is also explained.
• In writing of their fraction number write with number of kuadrat.people of babilonia can make the tables of square root, tables of rank three and rank two.
• They can conclude that each every trilateral portrayed [at] half of circle have right angle.
• Number - number of using number system of sexagesimal.
• In the field of geometry they have recognized theorem of pythagoras.

State of mesir ancient:

• Ancient mesir of society, they recognize number system and symbol in the year 3100 SM.
• They can survey accurately in the year 2700 of SM.
• In their geometry area also have recognized pythagoras tripel at trilateral of elbow - elbow and recognize theorem of pythagoras.
• Number system used at society of mesir have additive pattern of aritmetika.
• In growth of algebra of mesir, they use some signs.
• Using number of papyrus moskow.
• They also develop and wear writing of and number of piktograf.
• Finishing equation of linear,
• Using number system base on 10 in the year 3000 SM.
• Have recognized formula - formula tocount/calculate wide and side.

state of yunani ancient:

• Growth of geometry started when mathematician of yunani so called pythagoras can prove formula of pythagoras mathematically with good.
• Then in number concept started when Al - Khawarizmi find number concept zero at the same time as pencetus of number zero.
• Other mathematician which also play a part in growth of number concept that is a success Hipassus find number of irrasional, besides number of irrasional [at] epoch of yunani ancient also have recognized prime number
• But on the contrary Diophantus mathematician inventor of aritmetika study analysed concerning theory - number theory which is its contents is development of done/conducted algebra made a and equation of Diophantus only recognizing answer - positive and rational answer, because anticipation have for number zero and obviate negative coefficient.
• Last of other mathematician which also play a part in growth of mathematics is Archimedes which studying flat geometry and Him also trigger the name of parabola with the meaning right angle;corner shareses [of] trapeze, besides Archimedes also find formula :

√s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)

• Other growth which [in] ancient yunani that is the delivering birth of ball trig, growth of geometry, writing of alfabetis and a mathematics yes so called Apollonius finding way quickly which comprising instruction concerning tips - tips / enumeration technique quickly.

State of India:

• Very meritorious and famous india mathematician in the field of mathematics is Brahmagupta providing order - order for the addition of reduction and figuring in number zero.
• Brahmagupta can apply algebra to finish problem - problem of astronomy. besides Brahmagupta also develop common/ public method to finish equation of first storey;level and look for root - grow on equation of square.
• Famous other mathematician india, Aryan Bhata is first person introducing usage zero ( 0) and denary. Ad for Bhata make statement becoming modern decimal notation base, statement of him " Stanam Stanam Dasa Gunam".
• Besides Mahavira share in the field of mathematics with the solution of hitting quantifying operation, reductions, multiplication, and division of[is including usage of number zero. There [is] also inventor of formula early from a²+ b²= c², and continue algebra tradition.

state of China:

• Growth of mathematics in state of China have an effect on in progress of mathematics, growth in the field of geometry; recognizing the nature of - nature of trilateral of elbow - elbow,
• Conducting the calculation value compare to circle and radian diameter by Zu Chongzhi and succeed to count/calculate value compare that until number emapt behind comma.
• Besides people of China also find Formula of Cavalieri that is way find volume made in with formula. In the field of algebra:
• In solution of equation of square ( tribe using) many systems of horner.
• People of China have found method to solve some equation types that is equation of square, cubic and qualitik.
• In the field of other, Meritorious China also in invention of paper, magnet, system lift with pulley and belt in water wheel system by Dynasty of Han, besides is also found ideogram.

FIGURE - FIGURE HISTORY MATHEMATICS

Thales: ( 624-550 SM)

Mathematician which first time find or theorem of proporsisi recognized with theorem of Thales. Applied sciences have been found [by] Thales before Pythagoras making number, but or theorem of proporsisi Thales developed by Euclid. Later;Then Thales study to [regarding/ hit] geometry and astronomy. In note of Eudemus mention that Thales is people alter geometry become formal form able to study by everybody because basing x'selves at principle - principal and conduct the investigation of to theorem - theorem with viewpoint a intellectual.

Thales have a notion, according to him mark with lines not merely something which can of digurat and seen above sand, but mark with lines is obyek which is map [at] our imagination. Besides can find or theorem of proporsisi Thales have other greatness, among others: Thales can measure highly of pyramid by high measure of shadow by using stick. In the field of astronomy of Thales can sun eclipse memprediksi and determine one year is 360 day.

Pythagoras: ( 582-496 SM)

Pythagoras is people which first time trigger axiom - axiom, postulate - postulate require to be formulated beforehand in developing geometry. Success Pythagoras make best verification concerning theorem of Pythagoras so that the name of him used in found a success theorem of him, though theorem of Pythagoras is not him finding him. Pythagoras express Theorem of Pythagoras this in geometric style as statement concerning wide [of] square.

Aristoteles ( 384 - 322 SM)

Aristoteles is Greek philosophy. Aristoteles is figure defining logic as a science ( what was later;then referred [as] [by] scientica logica) Aristoteles [do/conduct] rational approach [of] Aristoteles find syllogism of Aristoteles considered to be [by] especial source of science.

Euclides ( 325 - 265 SM)

Euclides referred as “geometry father” because Euclides can tell number theory and geometry.in growth of mathematics of Euclides have subyek - studied subyek, among others: form - theorem form of Pythagoras, equation in algebra, radian, tangent, geometry, proporse ruang,teori, number of prima,bilangan perfect, positive intenger, and number of irrasional. Appliance - appliance which have been found and used by Euclides is meter and ruler.

Archimedes ( 287- 212 SM)

Archimedes is biggest expert as long as epoch and [in] ancient time. He/She is physics application and can mathematics. In mathematics area application he/she [do/conduct] calculation ( phi) in [doing/conducting] the calculation area of circle. Archimedes find formula L= √s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c) and Archimedes have three masterpiece which studying area geometry of dataryaitu measurement of circle, kuadratur of and parabola of spiral. and masterpiece of[is differ from Archimedes in the field of geometry three dimension is regarding cylinder and ball and also concerning and concoid of spheroid.

Apollonius ( 262-190 SM)

Role of Apollonius in growth of mathematics; Apollonius defin term - term like parabola, elliptical, and hyperbola. Apollonius study concerning diameter and tangent by using proposisi - picture and proposisi - curve picture. Apollonius have idea that idea concerning hyperbola two adversative branch [of] direction. Apollonius have many masterpieces, among others: Apollonius have masterpiece concerning masterpiece number scheme of Apollonius other like formulation of ratio / ratio, wide [of] penjabarab, tangent, crosscut dot, and maximum value and straight line minimum value which is bersinggungan with trapeze. Apollonius give instruction concerning enumeration technique quickly.

Diophantus ( 250-200 SM)

Diophantus conceived of the algebra father of[is Of him do not only including material type which forming algebra base of modern,tetapi Diophantus can develop algebra concept of Babilonia and blaze the way a[n equation form so that form equation was oftentimes referred [as] with equation of Diophantine. Diophantus also succeed to finish problem - problem concerning some unknown numbers and fully membership present many numbers - unknown number. or example equation of square have result two positive root and do not know negative number root. in teaching aljabar,Diophantus only studying number theory.

Al - Khawarizmi ( Irak) ( 780 - 850)

Al - khawaizmi referred as algebra father, because algebra taught [by] him with form - elementary form. Al - khawarizmi give example [of] and applying like searching wide [of] radian area, cylinder, pyramid and trapeze. in number system, Al- Khawarizmi write Hindu number system - Arabik and of Al - Khawarizmi is pioneer first time usage of number zero. masterpiece - masterpiece of Al - Khawarizmi in the field of astronomy and algebra, besides Al - Khawarizmi also have masterpiece in book " Zij Sindhind" is the tables of tangent and sine.

Fibonacci ( Italia) ( 1170-1250)

Role in the field of mathematics: defining number zero and calculate pattern - atypical natural pattern give base [at] recognition of algebra to west world Can create Fibonacci deret which giving reason or answer concerning natural pattern is such as formulated in gold ratio for the sake of commerce of Fibonacci make moderate number system of Fibonacci the complicatedness.

Fibonacci can solve problems of algebra a pad and equation of square of Fibonacci publish book of Liber Abaci ( concerning explanation of process of aritmatik the including way look for number root) by using what is now referred [as] with algebra by using hindu numeral - arabik.

Pascal ( Perancis) ( 1623-1662)

Pascal is religion mathematics at the same time a pejudi of role in the field of mathematics: making of adding machine, but there [is] famous invention by pascal that is pascal theorem . trilateral of pascal which the was making of aim to to facilitate we calculate result of equation of square, rank three, ad for dsb. Finding theorem of pascal:"titik - dot touch [at] side- side a heksagon segienam [at] a located trapeze at one particular dot".

told theorem is pascal can be used to formulate preposisi concerning trapeze and become one of the elementary theorem at projective geometry of Pascal conduct kolaborasi with fermat in triggering theory of probabitas,sehingga and pascal of fermat can give base growth of area - area like [counting/calculating] insurance risk, interpreting statistic and study clan.

Isaac Newton(1642-1727)(Inggris)

Isaac Newton is a mathematics, physics, astronomer as well as chemist coming from English. most theory and inventions - theory in the field of physics, but there still one invention of Newton in the field of mathematics that is Calculus.

Carl F.Gauss ( Jerman) ( 1777-1855)

Role of Gauss in the field of mathematics: Gauss find way make polygon 17 side by using ruler and compass. Gauss find geometry of[is non Euclidean. Gauss express that negative number also the included in number system. result of from research of Gauss mathematics is Geometry of diferential, theory - theory surface of area, statistical, probability theory. in Probability theory, curve of Gaussian which was often referred [as] with Gauss's law concerning normal distribution or which is more knowledgeable now with curve in form of bell.

Gauss develop mathematics in the field of Algebra, geometry, analysis, aritmetika, or number theory. Gauss also deepen astronomy, magnetism, topology, crystallography, and optic of elektik. Gauss masterpiece in mathematics is theory mathematics and mathematics of terapan.